The year 2023 witnessed a dynamic array of cultural developments that reshaped societal norms and challenged traditional narratives — and the field of architecture was no exception.

In 2023, as sustainability, inclusion, and cultural preservation took a more central stage than ever in architecture, we witnessed a surge of architectural brilliance, with groundbreaking projects unveiled across the globe.

The following five architectural projects all opened (or re-opened) their doors to public in 2023, and made waves in the world of design and aesthetic.

These top five architectural projects of 2023 underscore the transformative potential of architecture, not only in shaping physical spaces but also in fostering social progress, culture, heritage preservation, and environmental stewardship.

The Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza, Egypt

The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) in Giza, Egypt, is a monumental architectural landmark that embodies the grandeur of ancient Egypt while also showcasing contemporary design principles. Designed by Irish firm Heneghan Peng Architects, the museum’s architecture seamlessly blends with its surroundings, paying homage to the iconic pyramids while establishing its own unique identity.

The museum’s design is inspired by the sloping form of the ancient pyramids, creating a sense of continuity and reverence for Egypt’s rich history. The building’s exterior is clad in translucent alabaster panels, allowing natural light to filter through and illuminate the interior spaces. This interplay of light and shadow creates a sense of wonder and awe, echoing the enigmatic aura of ancient Egypt.

Pyramid of Tirana in Tirana, Albania

Egypt wasn’t the only country in the world to undertake pyramid-related architectural project in 2023. The Pyramid of Tirana in Albania, which was originally built in the 1980s as a monument to the Albanian dictator Enver Hoxha, went through a massive refurbishment masterminded by the Dutch architecture company MRDVR.

The revitalized Pyramid of Tirana has architectural features to integrate it more harmoniously into the city’s urban fabric and enhance its functionality as a cultural hub. The building’s interior has been reorganized to accommodate art galleries, offices, and event spaces, while its exterior has been subtly modified to soften its monolithic form despite retaining the original Brutalist aesthetic.

Spiral Skyscraper in New York City, USA

Soaring amidst the bustling cityscape of New York City, the Spiral Skyscraper stands as a mesmerizing architectural marvel, designed by renowned Danish architecture firm BIG. The tower’s unique double-helix form not only redefines the skyline but also embodies the principles of sustainability and connectivity.

The Spiral’s design is inspired by the concept of nature’s continuous growth and transformation. Its spiraling form, resembling an upward-winding ribbon, creates a sense of movement and dynamism, setting it apart from the rectilinear structures that dominate the city’s skyline.

Merdeka 118 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Soaring above the bustling cityscape of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Merdeka 118 stands as a beacon of architectural innovation, sustainability, and cultural pride. This magnificent skyscraper, designed by the Australian firm Fender Katsalidis Architects, is currently the tallest building in Southeast Asia and the second-tallest building in the world after Burj Khalifa, reaching an awe-inspiring height of 679 meters (2,227 feet). Despite this scale, the tower’s sustainability credits are impressive, with triple green platinum ratings.

Merdeka 118‘s design is inspired by the intricate patterns and motifs of traditional Malay handicrafts, particularly the “songket”, a rich and vibrant fabric woven with gold threads. This inspiration is evident in the tower’s gracefully curved form, which resembles a blooming flower, and its intricate geometric façade, reminiscent of woven textiles.

Abrahamic Family House in Abu Dhabi, UAE

The Abrahamic Family House is a unique and groundbreaking interfaith complex located on Saadiyat Island in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Designed by renowned British architect Sir David Adjaye, this remarkable structure houses the worship spaces of the Abrahamic religions — a mosque, a church, and a synagogue — all standing side by side in a harmonious embrace of diversity and unity.Each house of worship retains its unique architectural identity, reflecting the rich traditions and symbolism of its respective faith. The mosque features intricate latticework screens, known as mashrabiya, that filter sunlight and create a sense of tranquility. The church showcases stained glass windows and a vaulted ceiling, while the synagogue incorporates traditional Jewish motifs, such as the Star of David and the menorah.