Know Your Architecture: Islamic Architecture and the Five Most Beautiful Examples.

From the plains of Central Asia to the hills of southern Spain, Islamic architecture has especially shaped what is known as the “Old World.” It has significantly influenced the development of architectural styles worldwide, and its influence can be seen in various buildings across different cultures and periods.

Islamic architecture exhibits regional differences based on local traditions and cultural practices. While the features associated with different regions—such as the horseshoe arches and colorful tiles of Andalusian architecture or the onion domes of Central Asian architecture—differ, we will look below at some common patterns by which buildings influenced by Islamic architecture can be recognized, and showcase some of its finest examples.

Six Details for Recognizing Islamic Architecture

Geometric Patterns

Since the religion forbids paintings or visual depictions of people, one of the most important features of Islamic architecture is the use of intricate geometric patterns. These patterns can be found in tiles, woodwork, stucco, and even in garden design. Look for repeating geometric shapes such as stars, polygons, and interlocking patterns.

Calligraphy

Islamic calligraphy is an outstanding feature of Islamic architecture. Look for elegant inscriptions in Arabic script, especially verses from the Quran, adorning architectural elements such as arches, domes, and walls. The calligraphy is usually stylized and ornamental.

Arches and Domes

Islamic architecture is known for its use of arches and domes. Look for pointed or horseshoe-shaped arches in doorways, windows, and arcades. Domes are often bulbous or onion-shaped and are used to roof large interior spaces where communities gather for communal prayer.

Courtyards and Gardens

Islamic architecture often includes courtyards and gardens, which may represent the descriptions of paradise in the Quran. Look for open courtyards surrounded by covered walkways and fountains. The gardens may include water features, trees, and flower beds.

Use of Light and Shadow

Since many cultures with Muslim majorities originate from harsh climates such as deserts, Islamic architecture often uses the interplay of light and shadow to enhance its visual impact. Look for intricate screens or perforated panels that filter light, creating beautiful patterns and a sense of tranquility.

Symmetry and Proportions

Islamic architecture emphasizes symmetry and proportions. Look for buildings and structures that have a horizontally and vertically balanced and harmonious arrangement of elements.

5 Most Beautiful Examples of Islamic Architecture

Alhambra Palace – Spain

The Alhambra is located in Granada, southern Spain. It is a palace and fortress complex known for its exquisite Nasrid architecture. The Alhambra is characterized by intricate geometric patterns, delicate muqarnas vaults, tranquil courtyards with fountains, and breathtaking views of the surrounding Andalusian landscape.

Taj Mahal – India

The Taj Mahal is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a wonder of the world. It is a mausoleum in Agra, built by Emperor Shah Jahan as a tribute to his wife. Its iconic white marble dome, minarets, stone inlay work, and symmetrical gardens are examples of Mughal architecture and are considered masterpieces of Islamic art.

Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque – United Arab Emirates

Located in Abu Dhabi, the [Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque](https://www.jumeirah.com/en/article/stories/abu-dhabi/everything-you-need-to-know-about-sheikh-zayed-grand-mosque#:~:text=It's a masterpiece of modern Islamic architecture&text=The mosque draws on classic,nightly according to the moon.) is a modern architectural marvel. It combines traditional Islamic architectural elements with modern design. Its size, marble cladding, intricate floral patterns, and stunning chandeliers make it a breathtaking sight.

Topkapi Palace – Turkey

This Ottoman [palace complex in Istanbul](https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/content/topkapi-palace-museum#:~:text=Initially constructed between 1460 and,middle of the 19th century.) served as the residence of the sultans for centuries. It consists of a series of buildings, courtyards, and gardens. Notable examples of Islamic architecture within the complex include the ornate Gate of Salutation, the Harem, and the Imperial Council Chamber.

Nasir al-Mulk Mosque – Iran

The mosque is located in Shiraz, Iran; this exquisite mosque is famous for its stunning stained glass windows that cast vibrant hues of light into the interior. The breathtaking tilework, delicate muqarnas, and intricate calligraphy add to its appeal.